Health Literacy and Increasing Patient's Decision Making

Health literacy has been a buzz word in health care for several years now. It is an obvious idea when one thinks about it, but may not be overly apparent. Often we take our intrinsic knowledge for granted, and do not consider that a patient may not have basic reading skills yet alone basic science knowledge.

Because of this in class we talk about open ended questions, talk-back guidelines and reading level of materials. All very valid points, but they all underline a common theme. There is way too much unfiltered information out there for patients now.

Think about it, with the internet and sites like Google, the average patient has ready access to nearly the same medical material that health professionals have. This post does not even consider the large amount of misinformation present. I'm more concerned with the sheer amount of correct and pertinent information related to a patient's health.

Think about it, what if you had immediate access to, say, the building plans of your workplace.  The next day you come in and talk to the owner telling them you think this wall should be moved back another five feet or so to give us more room. In looking at the plans, you say it doesn't appear to be doing anything other than partitioning the floor space.

You know what would happen? The owner would laugh his ass off and walk away as you unknowingly want to move a load bearing structure.

Yet this is what we are forced to deal with in health care each day. Patients log on to WebMD or watch Dr. Phil, are presented with information that they do not have the neccessary background to fully understand. They then take this information, come to us and decide to make decisions about their health care without considering our own expertise.

At best it is ludicrous. At worst it is deadly.

I know, I know, you are all screaming. "But a patient has a right to know this information and participate in the management of their health!" And this is true... to a point.

Consider when the negative press about Avandia came to light. One particular patient of ours immediately stopped taking to the medication due to fear of "heart problems." Never mind the fact that the liklihood of this problem was not all that great, we cry wolf far too much in protocols now but that's another discussion, she did not want to die from a heart attack.

The pharmacist looked her straight in the eye and said, "Well you can possibly die from a heart attack or for sure die from diabetes. Your call."

Good for him.

As much as we do not wish to think of our profession in this way, pharmacy is really the management of poisons for positive health purposes. There are side effect whether we like them or not almost solely for this reason.

Many people simply do not understand this part. Life is full of risks, you speed on the freeway to make an appointment or start smoking to look cool with your friends. But when a drug can benefit a patient, but they don't want to take it due to a minor chance of a severe reaction that's okay?


Solutions to this problem can be insanely simple. For instance, when we hand out drug monographs, or when they are posted online, side effects are often listed under categories like 'common' or 'severe'. Dizziness is often listed in the same breath as heart palpitations... but does that mean that the probablity of both are equal? Actually, how often do these side effects occur?

As pharmacists, we know these answers. Patients do not.

So why not add odds of occurrences to all side effect listing? Or perhaps list them in the order of occurrence? I'm sure a few more patients will panic by seeing the exact numbers, but I'm sure many more will have their minds put at ease when they see how rare these 'common' side effects are.

A simple change like that mitigates one of the problems with health literacy and compliance. We have made information a little more digestible and give them a stronger base to make a decision about their health.

We talk about white space and reading level, but not how to relate the information to patients. Honestly, that should be the primary goal of health literacy. It doesn't matter if the material is at a fifth grade level if there is no way for the patient to relate the information in order to make a decision.

And that's ultimately what this is all about, making sure the patient is properly informed so they can make decisions about them selves. We cannot rid the world of WebMD or Oprah, as much as we may want to try, but we can certainly organize the information we give out in a better manner.

Seems simple enough, right?